Forensic Analysis of 9 Cases of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the case, scene and forensic pathological characteristics of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), to provide a practical basis for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#A total of 9 autopsy cases of SUDEP were collected. The basic information of the cases, the scene characteristics, the forensic pathological changes, the common drugs and antiepileptic drug test results, and pericardial fluid biochemical test results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All of the 9 cases were male epilepsy patients died during sleep at night, the age of death was (37.1±8.6) years, and the course of epilepsy was (21.3±5.6) years. Six corpses were in prone position and three in left lateral position. The hemorrhage of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternal thyroid muscle and sternohyoid muscle were found with 8 cases, 5 cases and 4 cases, respectively, all of them were unilateral. Six cases had bilateral hemorrhage of pectoralis minor muscle. Brain edema, phagocytosis of frontotemporal neurons and gliosis, cardiac fibers bend in wavy patterns and eosinophilic staining enhancement, pulmonary edema, pulmonary congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary small bronchiole wall shrinking, tubular proteinuria and pancreatic parenchymal hemorrhage were the common histopathological changes. The biochemical test results of pericardial fluid indicated that there were myocardial ischemic damage.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Young male, early onset, long course of disease, sleep in the prone position, poor drug compliance or combination, epileptic seizure may be the risk factors of SUDEP. Cardiac dysfunction and respiratory depression might be the main death mechanism of SUDEP.

Application and prospect of stable isotope technology in tracing geographical origin of Chinese herbal medicines / 中国中药杂志

As a unique medical resource in China, Chinese herbal medicine plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. With the gradual expansion of applications, the quality of Chinese herbal medicine has become the focus of attention. The quality of Chinese herbal medicines depends largely on their source authenticity. Tracing the origin of Chinese herbal medicines plays an important role in ensuring their quality and efficacy and reducing the mixing and adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines from different regions. Stable isotope technology, as a key technology for origin tracing of agricultural products and food, has been used in the research of Chinese herbal medicines from multiple sources and origins in recent years. This new technological means contributes to standardizing the origin of Chinese herbal medicines and controlling their quality from the source. Apart from introducing the basic principles of stable isotope technology and the characteristics of common stable isotopes, this study reviewed the application status of light and heavy stable isotopes in the origin tracing of Chinese herbal medicines and their correlation with ecological factors, and forecasted the application prospect of this technology in the authentication of Chinese herbal medicines, aiming to provide reference for the geographical origin tracing of Chinese herbal medicines and promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Research advances on exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in promoting diabetic wound healing / 中华烧伤杂志

Impaired healing of diabetic wounds is mainly attributed to its pathological mechanism, and refractory diabetic wounds bring heavy burdens to patients and society. Exosomes derived from stem cells possess the similar ability as stem cells in promoting tissue regeneration and more clinical advantages and are gradually playing important roles in wound healing. In recent years, researches have shown that exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC-EXOs) can promote the healing of diabetic wounds by participating in various processes of wound healing. This article reviews the pathological mechanism leading to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, the related mechanism and the application prospect of ADSC-EXOs in promoting diabetic wound healing.

Retrospective Analysis on Traumatic Rupture of Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery in 11 Cases / 法医学杂志

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of the traumatic rupture of intracranial internal carotid artery in order to provide reference for forensic expertise examination and identification. Methods A total of 11 autopsy cases of traumatic rupture of intracranial internal carotid artery were collected. The gender, age, cause of injury, blood loss on the scene, location of internal carotid artery rupture, hardening degree of the rupture of the wall, brain injury, blood ethanol content and cause of death were also recorded. Results All 11 cases died on the scene, of which 7 died from traffic accidents, 2 falls from height and 2 from bare handed injuries. None of the 11 victims suffered serious head and body surface injury. The internal carotid artery rupture in the 9 cases of traffic injury and fall from height injury occurred in the cavernous segment. In all these cases, there were transverse fractures of the middle cranial fossa with the carotid sulcus involved, and minor intracranial hemorrhage and brain contusion. In 2 cases of bare handed injuries, internal carotid artery rupture occurred in the ophthalmic artery segment, accompanied by fatal intracranial hemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury, but no skull fracture. All 11 cases showed full-thickness rupture of the vessel wall, and the long axis of the wounds was perpendicular to those of the artery. Conclusion The incidence of intracranial internal carotid artery rupture in high-energy trauma events such as traffic accidents and high falls deserves attention. Injuries of the cavernous segment or ophthalmic segment might be more common. The main injury mechanism of intracranial internal carotid artery rupture might be that the blood vessels were pulled and the bone fragments caused damage.

Forensic Analysis of 105 Autopsy Cases of Psychiatric Patients / 法医学杂志

Objective To provide reference for medical and health services and forensic expertise, the causes and manners of death of psychiatric patients were analyzed retrospectively. Methods A total of 105 autopsy cases of psychiatric patients accepted and settled by Institute of Forensic Science of Criminal Investigation Police University of China from 2004 to 2019 were collected. The cases were divided into four groups： disease death, suicidal death, accidental death and homicidal death. The common causes of death of each group were statistically analyzed and the differences in age, disease duration, body mass index （BMI） and gender among the groups were assessed. Results Of the 105 cases, 60 were male and 45 were female, the course of psychosis was （12.9±10.4） years, the age of the deceased was （51.3±11.4） years, and 61.0% was schizophrenic. There were 50 cases （47.6%） in the disease death group, in which the psychiatric patients were the oldest and had the longest course of psychosis and lowest BMI. Pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory infections, and cardiogenic disease were the most common causes of death in the group. There were 26 accidental deaths （24.8%）, among which traffic accidents were the most common cause of death. There were 15 homicidal deaths （14.3%）, all of which were male, with craniocerebral injury being the most common cause of death. There were 14 suicidal deaths （13.3%）. In suicidal death group, the age of the deceased was the youngest, the course of psychosis was the shortest and falling from the height was the most common way to commit suicide. Conclusion Understanding the common causes of death of psychiatric patients may contribute to developing measures to reduce the mortality rate of the population. It is necessary to investigate the age, course of psychosis and gender of the deceased when assessing the manner of death.

Herbal Textual Research on Mume Flos / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Mume Flos is a traditional Chinese medicinal material，with the effects of soothing the liver，resolving phlegm and dispelling stagnation. It was mainly used to treat globus hystericus，liver and stomach pain，loss of appetite，dizziness and scrofula. Mume Flos is native to China，with a long history of cultivation and application and complex and diverse varieties. There are hundreds varieties of Mume Flos，including fruiting Mei and flowering Mei. However，there was no ancient literature on which color of Mume Flos is the best traditional Chinese medicinal material among those with different colors，as well as relevant study report on the correlation between medicinal Mume Flos group and plant systematics. In order to define the origin，the author conducted the textual research on the changes in the origin，quality and producing areas of the Mume Flos in the past dynasties. According to the findings， traditional medicinal Mume Flos were mainly green calyx Mume Flos and white Mume Flos，and derived from flowering Mei of the true Mume branch. Among them， green calyx Mume Flos belonged to the green calyx group， while medicinal white Mume Flos belonged to the albo-plena group and the single-lobe group. The producing area of Mume Flos was first recorded in Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic，where now in southern Shaanxi province. After the Song dynasty，due to climate，social and economic factors，the producing areas of Mume Flos had continued to move southward from Shaanxi province to the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake basins. Till the Ming and Qing dynasties，the distribution of Mume Flos was also reported in Guangdong province and Hainan province. In modern times，due to the comprehensive impact of natural climate conditions and urbanization，the producing areas of medicinal Mume Flos had gradually changed from Sichuan province，Jiangsu province and Zhejiang province to southern Anhui province at present. In this paper，the textual research is conducted to define the origin and systematically summarize the changes in the producing areas of Mume Flos，so as to provide reference for defining the origin of Mume Flos and the groups of medicinal Mume Flos and making further development and utilization of resources.

A comparative study of the consistency of ultrasound with MRI on the diagnosis of uterine cesarean scar pregnancy / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the consistency of ultrasound with MRI on the diagnosis of uterine cesarean scar pregnancy（CSP）.METHODS: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 91 patients from January 2012 to June 2018 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and Beijing Luhe Hospital.RESULTS: The ultrasonic:77 cases of CSP were clearly diagnosed（84.6%）,12 cases were suspicious for CSP（13.2%）and 2 cases were misdiagnosed（2.2%）.MRI showed that 90 cases of CSP were clearly diagnosed（98.9%）one case was misdiagnosed（1.1%）.Totally 32 cases were found to have yolk sac in ultrasonography,27 cases of them had fetal buds,and 20 cases of them had embryocardia-beats,while MRI could not distinguish the yolk sac from the fetal bud,and was unable to verify the embryocardia-beats.CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography can be used as the basis for screening and classification of CSP,which can help the early detection and the choice of treatment.The MRI images of CSP have certain specificity,which can provide more accurate imaging data for clinical diagnosis and treatment.3.The combination of ultrasound and MRI can significantly reduce the misdiagnosis of CSP.

Laparoscopic conservative surgery for adenomyosis / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

The methods of conservative surgery for adenomyosis include laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery.Conservative surgery is mainly used for young women with uterine preservation requirements and fertility desire.Laparoscopic conservative surgery for adenomyosis is more recommended for local adenomyosis.Laparoscopic surgery often involves wedgeshaped excision of uterine wall,H-shaped incision of uterine wall,double-flap and triple-flap.There are advantages and disadvantages for various methods of volume reduction surgery.In any treatment,attention should be paid to the therapeutic effect of clinical symptoms,reduction of recurrence after operation,pregnancy outcome and prevention of uterine rupture after operation.

Relationships between Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status in Elderly Inpatient / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective: To identify the relationship between Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status in Elderly Inpatient. Methods: 136 elderly inpatients were selected in a tertiary hospital in Yunnan Provience. Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information and DDS9 was calculated; We used Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) to evaluate nutritional status, then analyzed the effect of Dietary Diversity on nutritional status in elderly inpatients. Results:① Patients at risk of malnutrition and with confirmed malnutrition in participants were 46. 3％, 33. 8％,, respectively. ② The incidence of insufficient diversity, moderate diversity and adequate diversity were 19. 9％, 77. 2％ and 2. 9％, respectively; the total scores of dietary diversity were (4. 68 ± 1. 27). However, apart from vegetables, the rest 8 kinds of food all showed lower scores of intra-group variety; while the consumption of beans, nuts and seafood was seriously inadequate. ③ The incidence of malnutrition risk and confirmed malnutrition in insufficient-diversity group and moderate-diversity group were 5. 109 times and 1. 094 times of adequacy group (P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: Dietary diversity is strongly associated with putritional status in elderly inpatient. Improvement of dietary diversity status is potentially beneficial in the prevention of malnutrition.

An Early Pregnant Chinese Woman with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Succeeding in Induction of Labor in the Second Trimester / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare condition in early pregnancy. A 22-year-old Chinese woman at 10 weeks of pregnancy requested induced abortion and was diagnosed as CVST for a severe headache accompanying with nausea and vomiting. The patient was treated successfully with anticoagulation, followed by amniocentesis, and finally succeeded in induction of labor safely. The diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for this rare condition are discussed in this paper.

Periplaneta americana extract used in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:Periplaneta americana extract is recognized to have a positive effect on gastrointestinal mucosa. This study aimed to investigate the effects of periplaneta americana extract on immune function, nutrition status and gastrointestinal complications of early enteral nutrition patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS:Patients with SIRS were randomly divided into two groups:treatment and control groups. All patients in the two groups received conventional therapy including enteral nutrition, but periplaneta americana extract, an additional Chinese medicine, was given to the patients in the treatment group. At the beginning of treatment (0 day) and 1, 3, and 7 days after treatment, the levels of immunoglobulin (IgA), total lymphocyte count (TLC), total protein (TP) and prealbumin (PA) were respectively tested in patients' venous blood. The incidences of bloating, diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia and high blood sugar at 7 days after treatment were recorded. The mortality of the patients in 28 days was recorded. RESULTS:At 3 and 7 days after treatment, the levels of IgA and TLC in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the levels of TP and PA in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidences of bloating and diarrhea in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were significant (P<0.05). The mortality of treatment group was lower than that of the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Periplaneta americana extract could reduce gastrointestinal complications and improve immune function and nutritional status in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXC chemokine receptor 4 in corneal graft rejection in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in rat cornea tissue and their role in corneal allograft rejection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With 15 Wistar rats as the normal control group, 22 Wistar rats received autologous corneal graft transplantation, and 44 Wistar rats received transplantation of corneal graft from SD rats with penetrating keratoplasty. From the rats with allograft transplantation, 22 were selected randomly for treatment with TobraDex eye drops for 30 days after the operation (twice a day), and the remaining 22 rats were treated with normal saline only. Clinical assessment of the corneal grafts was carried out using Larkin's method; histopathological observation, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative PCR of the corneal grafts were performed on days 5 and 9 after the transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Graft rejection occurred in none of the rats in autograft group. In rats treated with TobraDex, the graft survival time was significantly longer than that in rats with saline treatment (24∓0.32 vs 10∓0.36 days, P<0.001), and histopathological examination revealed numerous inflammatory cells and neovascularization in the allografts in the latter group. SDF-1 and CXCR4 mRNA expression in the corneal tissue increased significantly in rats receiving allograft transplantation and saline treatment (P<0.001 on day 5 and P<0.01 on day 5), and their expression was obviously lowered in rats with TobraDex treatment. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4, found mainly in the corneal epithelium and stroma, was significantly increased in the allografts in rats with saline treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SDF-1/CXCR4 may participate in corneal graft rejection in rats early after transplantation possibly through the mechanism that SDF-1 specifically induces CXCR4cell maturation and chemotaxis toward the allograft to promote corneal neovascularization.</p>

Phosphoproteomics Analysis of Endometrium in Women with or without Endometriosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The molecular mechanisms underlying the endometriosis are still not completely understood. In order to test the hypothesis that the approaches in phosphoproteomics might contribute to the identification of key biomarkers to assess disease pathogenesis and drug targets, we carried out a phosphoproteomics analysis of human endometrium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A large-scale differential phosphoproteome analysis, using peptide enrichment of titanium dioxide purify and sequential elution from immobilized metal affinity chromatography with linear trap quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry, was performed in endometrium tissues from 8 women with or without endometriosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The phosphorylation profiling of endometrium from endometriosis patients had been obtained, and found that identified 516 proteins were modified at phosphorylation level during endometriosis. Gene ontology annotation analysis showed that these proteins were enriched in cellular processes of binding and catalytic activity. Further pathway analysis showed that ribosome pathway and focal adhesion pathway were the top two pathways, which might be deregulated during the development of endometriosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>That large-scale phosphoproteome quantification has been successfully identified in endometrium tissues of women with or without endometriosis will provide new insights to understand the molecular mechanisms of the development of endometriosis.</p>

Therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 on hypertension induced by insulin resistance / 药学学报

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on hypertension induced by insulin resistance in rats and to provide mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with high-fructose (10%) water to develop mild hypertensive models within 4 weeks, then randomized into 4 groups: model control, FGF21 0.25, 0.1 and 0.05 micromol x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups. Five age-matched normal SD rats administrated with saline were used as normal controls. The rats in each group were treated once a day for 4 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured noninvasively using a tail-cuff method, insulin sensitivity was assessed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HOMA-IR assay. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected, and blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and serum insulin were measured. The results showed that blood pressure of the rats treated with different doses of FGF21 returned to normal levels [(122.2 +/- 3.5) mmHg, P < 0.01] after 4-week treatment, whereas, SBP of untreated (model control) rats maintained a high level [(142.5 +/- 4.5) mmHg] throughout the treatment. The observation of blood pressure in 24 h revealed that SBP of FGF21 treated-rats maintained at (130 +/- 4.5) mmHg vs. (143 +/- 5.5) mmHg for model control (P < 0.01). FGF21 treatment groups improved serum lipids obviously, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased significantly to normal levels. The serum NO levels of three different doses FGF21 treatment group were significantly higher than that of the model control group [(7.32 +/- 0.11), (7.24 +/- 0.13), (6.94 +/- 0.08) vs. (6.56 +/- 0.19) micromol x L(-1), P < 0.01], and the degree of improvement showed obvious dose-dependent manner, indicating that FGF21 can significant increase serum NO in fructose-induced hypertension rat model and improve endothelial NO release function. The results of OGTT and HOMA-IR showed that insulin resistance state was significantly relieved in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that FGF21 significantly ameliorates blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertension model by relieving insulin resistance. This finding provides a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of essential hypertension.

Therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 on NAFLD in MSG-iR mice and its mechanism / 药学学报

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on NAFLD in MSG-IR mice and to provide mechanism insights into its therapeutic effect. The MSG-IR mice with insulin resistance were treated with high dose (0.1 micromol.kg-1d-1) and low dose (0.025 micromol.kg-1d-1) of FGF21 once a day for 5 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, serum lipids, insulin and aminotransferases were measured. Hepatic steatosis was observed. The expression of key genes regulating energy metabolism were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that after 5 weeks treatment, both doses of FGF21 reduced body weight (P<0.01), corrected dyslipidemia (P<0.01), reversed steatosis and restored the liver morphology in the MSG model mice and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance. Additionally, real-time PCR showed that FGF21 significantly reduced transcription levels of fat synthetic genes, decreased fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis and energy metabolism by up-regulating key genes of lipolysis, thereby liver fat accumulation was reduced and liver function was restored to normal levels. In conclusion, FGF21 significantly reduces body weight of the MSG-IR mice, ameliorates insulin resistance, reverses hepatic steatosis. These findings provide a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of NAFLD.

Two mechanical methods for thromboembolism prophylaxis after gynaecological pelvic surgery: a prospective, randomised study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Venous thromboembolism is known to be an important social and health care problem because of its high incidence among patients who undergo surgery. Studies on the mechanical prophylaxis of thromboembolism after gynaecological pelvic surgery are few. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical thromboembolism prophylaxis after gynaecological pelvic surgery using a combination of graduated compression stockings (GCS) and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) or GCS alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed on 108 patients who were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received GCS before the operation and IPC during the operation (IPC + GCS group). The second group received GCS before the operation (GCS group). To analyze the effect of the preventive measures and the laboratory examination on the incidence of thrombosis and to compare the safety of these measures, the incidence of adverse reactions was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity associated with DVT was 4.8% (5/104) in the IPC + GCS group and 12.5% (14/112) in the GCS group. There were significant statistical differences between the two groups. There were no adverse effects in either group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The therapeutic combination of GCS and IPC was more effective than GCS alone for thrombosis prevention in high-risk patients undergoing gynaecological pelvic surgery, and there were no adverse effects in either group.</p>

Status and change pattern of kidney transplantation: one center research / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively investigate the distribution in kidney transplantation for fifteen years in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a descriptive research counting up the number of patients who received kidney transplantation each year in our hospital during 1995 and 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first kidney transplantation in our hospital occurred in the 1960s. The number of kidney transplantation increased until reaching a maximum of 47 grafts in 2001; since then the number fell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With the decreased number of kidney transplantation, we have realized the shortage of transplantable organs is very serious. The continuing transplant shortage requires major efforts to expand the donor pool. Donation after cardiac death offers the potential to enlarge the donor pool, but we need to strictly control the criteria for potential donors.</p>

Advances in research of heat shock factor 1 and its relation with expression of heat shock protein / 中华烧伤杂志

This article reviews the advances in the research of the structural characteristics and the activating process of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), the factors that influence the expression of HSF-1, and the relationship between HSF-1 and the expression levels of NF-κB and heat shock protein (HSP). The expression of HSF-1 could be regulated in several stages in the course of interconversion between its active and inactive status. Unusual expression of HSF-1 mediated by NF-κB can lead to the quantitative and functional change of HSP. The quantitative and functional variation of HSP caused by regulation of HSF-1 could influence the normal synthesis and the pathological changes induced by excessive synthesis of protective proteins in cells under stress. We expect that further research would help elucidate novel pathways about the genesis and evolution mechanism of keloid, and it may finally help to find a novel strategy in the treatment of keloid.

Study of reduction rat T-lymphocytes activation and proliferation by inhibition inducible co-stimulator gene expression / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of activation and proliferation ability of rat T-lymphocytes after suppress ICOS gene expression by RNA interference.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four interference sites targeting at rat ICOS gene were designed and four pairs of oligonucleotide fragments were cloned into the pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo plasmid vectors then transfected into rat lymphocytes with cationic liposome. The expression of mRNA and protein of ICOS was detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The alteration of lymphocyte proliferation ability was evaluated by mix lymphocyte reaction, and the secretion levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were measured by ELISA procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After transfection, the expression of mRNA and protein of ICOS in test groups were lower than that in control groups (P < 0.05). The ability of T-lymphocytes in proliferation was poor and the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 were reduced with ICOS gene shut down.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RNA interference plasmid vector can suppress ICOS expression in rat T-lymphocytes significantly, and it may be useful for further study on transplantation immunity tolerance.</p>

Change of Urinary Leukotriene E_4 Level in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis and Its Clinical Significance / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of urinary leukotriene E4(LTE4) in children with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) bronchiolitis.Methods Forty infants with bronchiolitis were enrolled for the identification of RSV-Ag from the nasopharyngeal secretions.Forty cases who were found to be positive of RSV were put into RSV bronchiolitis group.According to the severity of illness,the infants in RSV bronchiolitis group were separated into 2 subgroups:mild illness group (24 cases) and moderate illness group (16 cases).Thirty healthy children were chosen as healthy control group.Urine of the patients in RSV bronchiolitis group was collected in acute phase (on the 1st day) and recovery phase (on the 7th day after the admission).Urine of children in control group was collected .Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assay the level of urinary LTE4.Results The levels of LTE4 in healthy control group (M,Q) were 1.28 pmol?mmol-1,1.72 pmol?mmol-1,while the levels of LTE4 in acute phase in RSV bronchiolitis group (M,Q were 30.52 pmol?mmol-1,23.56 pmol?mmol-1,and the levels of LTE4 in recovery phase in RSV bronchiolitis group (M,Q) were 3.98 pmol?mmol-1,3.43 pmol?mmol-1.Urinary LTE4 levels in acute phase in RSV bronchiolitis group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (P